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Radiant RivaReverse Number is a staple interview problem: given a non-negative integer N, output the integer obtained by writing its digits in the opposite order. The task reinforces integer arithmetic, string handling, and edge-case thinking. 🔹 Problem Statement Input: A single non-negative integer N (0 ≤ N ≤ 1018). Output: The number obtained by reversing the … Read more
Count Digits is a classic warm-up problem: given a non-negative integer N, determine how many digits it contains. Although trivial to humans, it teaches loop control, integer math, and logarithms—skills that resurface in harder interview questions. 🔹 Problem Statement Input: A single non-negative integer N (0 ≤ N ≤ 1018). Output: The count of decimal … Read more
This single-file Google DSA sheet is beginner-friendly and structured to guide candidates from interview overview to hands-on practice, with high-impact coding questions organized by topic. Designed for clarity and SEO, this Google DSA sheet starts with a crisp overview of Google’s interview rounds, then for each topic gives a 1–2 line explanation followed by an … Read more
Inline in C++ is a keyword and linkage feature that lets you define small functions (and variables since C++17) in headers without violating the One Definition Rule, while giving the compiler freedom to inline calls for performance. It does not force inlining; the optimizer ultimately decides whether to inline a call. This beginner-friendly guide explains … Read more
Volatile in C++ is a type qualifier that tells the compiler an object may change in ways it cannot see, so every read and write must be performed as written (no elision or caching in registers). It is useful for memory-mapped I/O and signal-handling, but it does not make code thread-safe or synchronize between threads. … Read more
The phrase storage class in C++ refers to how and where an object is stored, its lifetime, and its visibility (linkage). In practice you control this with keywords like static, extern, and thread_local, plus your choice of scope and allocation style. This beginner-friendly guide breaks down every storage class in C++ you’ll actually use, with … Read more
move in C++ refers to move semantics and the std::move utility that let you transfer resources from one object to another instead of copying, enabling big performance wins for large or non-copyable objects. std::move doesn’t move by itself—it casts to an rvalue so a move constructor or move assignment can run. This beginner-friendly guide explains … Read more
Call by Value vs Call by Reference in C++ determines whether a function receives a copy of an argument (value) or an alias to the original (reference). Understanding the difference helps you write safer, faster, and more predictable code. This beginner-friendly guide explains Call by Value vs Call by Reference in C++ with commented examples, … Read more
Shallow Copy vs Deep Copy in C++ determines whether a copy duplicates just pointers (sharing the same underlying resource) or also duplicates the pointed-to data (owning a separate resource). Mastering this concept prevents bugs like double-free, memory leaks, and unexpected aliasing in your programs. This beginner-friendly guide explains Shallow Copy vs Deep Copy in C++ … Read more
A Copy Constructor in C++ is a special constructor that creates a new object as a copy of an existing one, typically declared as ClassName(const ClassName& other). It is invoked on copy-initialization, when passing or returning objects by value, and in several other copying scenarios. This beginner-friendly guide explains the Copy Constructor in C++ with … Read more
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